Using Student Choice for Engaged Learning in Sport, Tourism, Recreation, and Live Entertainment Education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18060/27316

Keywords:

student choice, learning autonomy, engaged learning, higher education, college teaching, sport management education, Curricular Innovation for Sport Management

Abstract

Fostering engaged learning in higher education contributes to students’ lifelong learning. Additionally, engaged learning prepares graduates to transfer their learning to the workplace, which is particularly important in pre-professional sport, tourism, recreation, and live entertainment (STRLE) programs. Engaged learning entails students actively and intentionally participating in their own learning, and learning autonomy is fundamental to their ownership of the learning enterprise. Student choice can be implemented as an engaged learning pedagogy by supporting student autonomy. Offering students choices in the classroom can increase engagement, enjoyment, and motivation; build competence and higher order thinking skills; and improve student success. Faculty engaged in this praxis in a sport management program at a small, private college. To further enhance student success, STRLE faculty can implement student choice following the recommended best practices. Offering choices that align with student interests and values, and provide connection and competence, best support autonomy. Faculty should also demonstrate warmth, flexibility, and consistency to increase the effectiveness of providing student choices. This commentary explores the literature on student choice as an engaged learning practice, illustrates a practice example, and makes recommendations for effectively applying student choice in the STRLE classroom.

Author Biographies

Anne DeMartini, Kennesaw State University

Anne L. DeMartini, JD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management at Kennesaw State University. Her research interests include sport management education and the legal aspects of sport, particularly anti-discrimination law, legal consciousness, and as applied to CrossFit.

Jillian M. Villemaire, Flagler College

Jillian M. Villemaire, EdD, is an associate professor in the Department of Business Administration at Flagler College. Her research interests include marketing communications and social media in the sports industry.

References

Agbuga, B., Ping Xiang, McBride, R. E., & Xiaoxia Su. (2016). Student perceptions of instructional choices in middle school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,

(2), 138–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2015-0010

Aitken, A. A., Graham, S., & McNeish, D. (2022). The effects of choice versus preference on

writing and the mediating role of perceived competence. Journal of Educational

Psychology, 114(8), 1844–1865. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000765

Assor, A., Kaplan, H., & Roth, G. (2002). Choice is good, but relevance is excellent: autonomy

enhancing and suppressing teacher behaviours predicting students' engagement in

schoolwork. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(2), 261–278.

https://doi.org/10.1348/000709902158883

Boud, D. & Falchikov, N. (2007). Rethinking assessment in higher education: Learning for the

longer term, Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203964309

Boulton, C. A., Hughes, E., Kent, C., Smith, J. R., & Williams, H. T. P. (2019). Student engagement

and wellbeing over time at a higher education institution. PloS One, 14(11), e0225770.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225770

Braunstein-Minkove, J. R., & DeLuca, J. R. (2015). Effectively adapting the sport management

curricula: harnessing internal and external resources to address industry-specific needs.

Schole: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education, 30(2), 12.

Brooks, C. F., & Young, S. L. (2011). Are choice-making opportunities needed in the classroom?

Using Self-Determination Theory to consider student motivation and learner

empowerment. International Journal of Teaching & Learning in Higher Education, 23(1),

–59.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior.

New York: Plenum.

Dobrow, S. R., Smith, W.K., Posner, M. (2011). Managing the grading paradox: Leveraging the

power of choice in the classroom. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(2), 261-276. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.10.2.zqr261

Furtak, E. M., & Kunter, M. (2012). Effects of autonomy-supportive teaching on student learning

and motivation. Journal of Experimental Education, 80(3), 284–316.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2011.573019

Garside, J. Nhemachena, J. Williams, J. & Topping, A. (2009). Repositioning assessment: Giving

students the “choice” of assessment methods. Nurse Education in Practice, 9(2), 141-

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2008.09.003

Gikandi, J. W. (2019). Promoting competence-based learning and assessment through

innovative use of electronic portfolios. In J. Keengwe & R. Byamukama (Eds.), Handbook

of Research on Promoting Higher-Order Skills and Global Competencies in Life and

Work (pp. 181-208). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6331-0.ch012

Gustavsson, P., Jirwe, M., Aurell, J., Miller, E., & Rudman, A. (2016). Autonomy-supportive

interventions in schools: A review. Report number B2016: B3. Karolinska Institute.

Hanewicz, C., Platt, A., & Arendt, A. (2017). Creating a learner-centered teaching environment using student choice in assignments. Distance Education, 38(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2017.1369349

Harnish, R., McElwee R., Slattery, J., Frantz, S., Haney, M., Shore, C., & Penley, J. (2011).

Creating the foundation for a warm classroom climate: Best practices in syllabus tone.

Observer, 24(1). Retrieved from

http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2011/january-

/creating-the-foundation-for-a-warm-classroom-climate.html

Hirve, S., & Neelam, N. (2022). Role of academic autonomy in achieving optimal learning

environment: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Early Childhood

Special Education, 14(4), 2665–2677. https://doi.org/10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I4.366

Iyengar, S. S. & Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of

a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 995-1006.

https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.995

Iyengar, S., Huberman, G., & Jiang, W. (2004). How much choice is too much? Contributions to

(k) retirement plans. In O. S. Mitchell & S. P. Utkus (Eds.), Pension design and

structure: New lessons from behavioral finance (pp. 83–97). Oxford University Press.

Kaplan, R. & O’Neill, K. (2018). Teaching required courses: Pedagogy under duress. Pedagogy,

(1), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.1215/15314200-4216914

Katz, I. and Assor, A. (2006) When choice motivates and when it does not. Educational

Psychology Review, 19(4), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9027-y

Kearney, P., Plax, T. G., Hays, E. R. and Ivey, M. J. 1991. College teacher misbehaviors: What

students don't like about what teachers say and do. Communication Quarterly, 39, 309-

https://doi.org/10.1080/01463379109369808

Lochbaum, M., & Jean-Noel, J. (2016). Perceived autonomy-support instruction and student

outcomes in physical education and leisure-time: A meta-analytic review of correlates.

RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Del Deporte, 12(43), 29–47.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04302

Manning, R. D., Keiper, M. C., & Jenny, S. E. (2017). Pedagogical innovations for the Millennial

sport management student: Socrative and Twitter. Sport Management Education

Journal (Human Kinetics), 11(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1123/smej.2016-0014

McMurtrie, B. (2022, April 5). A ‘stunning’ level of student disconnection. The Chronicle of

Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/a-stunning-level-of-student-

disconnection?cid=gen_sign_in

Moore, J. L. (2021). Key practices for fostering engaged learning. Change, 53(6), 12–18.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2021.1987787

Moore, J.L. (2023). Key practices for fostering engaged learning: A guide for faculty and staff.

Stylus Publishing.

O’Hallarn, B. & Strode, J. (2020). #ODU2ODU: Testing the benefits of a partnership between

sport management classrooms. Sports Innovation Journal, 1, 18-35.

https://doi.org/10.18060/23830

Patall, E. A. (2019, May). Taking stock of teacher autonomy support and control. Invited keynote

given at the 7th International Conference on Self-Determination Theory, Egmond aan

Zee (Amsterdam), The Netherlands.

Patall, E.A., Cooper, H. and Robinson, J.G. (2008). The effects of choice on intrinsic motivation

and related outcomes: A meta-analysis of research findings, Psychological Bulletin,

(2), 270-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.270

Patall, E. A., Cooper, H., & Wynn, S. R. (2010). The effectiveness and relative importance of

providing choices in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(4), 896–915.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019545

Patall, E.A., Dent, A.L., Oyer, M. and Wynn, S.R. (2013) Student autonomy and course value: the

unique and cumulative roles of various teacher practices. Motivation and Emotion, 37,

, 14–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9305-6

Pretorius, L., van Mourik, G. P., & Barratt, C. (2017). Student choice and higher-order thinking:

Using a novel flexible assessment regime combined with critical thinking activities to

encourage the development of higher order thinking. International Journal of Teaching

& Learning in Higher Education, 29(2), 389–401.

Race, P. Smith, B. & Brown, S. (2005). 500 tips on assessment. Routledge-Falmer, London. (2nd

ed.).

Reeve, J. and Hyeon Cheon, S. (2021). Autonomy-supportive teaching: Its malleability, benefits,

and potential to improve educational practice, Educational Psychologist, 56(1), 54-77.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1862657

Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy, and the self in

psychological development. In J. E. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,

Vol. 40: Developmental perspectives on motivation. University of Nebraska Press.

Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic

motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.

Stefanou, C. R., Perencevich, K. C., DiCintio, M., & Turner, J. C. (2004). Supporting autonomy in

the classroom: Ways teachers encourage student decision making and ownership.

Educational Psychologist, 39(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3902_2

Teixeira, P. J., Marques, M. M., Silva, M. N., Brunet, J., Duda, J. L., Haerens, L., La Guardia, J.,

Lindwall, M., Lonsdale, C., Markland, D., Michie, S., Moller, A. C., Ntoumanis, N., Patrick,

H., Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., Sebire, S. J., Standage, M., Vansteenkiste, M., … Hagger, M. S.

(2020). Classification of techniques used in self-determination theory-based

interventions in health contexts: An expert consensus study. Motivation Science, 6(4),

–455. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000172

Thompson, M. and Beymer, P. (2015). The effects of choice in the classroom: Is there too little

or too much choice? Support for Learning, 2, 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-

12086

Van den Berghe, L., Vansteenkiste, M., Cardon, G., Kirk, D., & Haerens, L. (2014). Research on

self-determination in physical education: Key findings and proposals for future research.

Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19(1), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1080

Vasconcellos, D., Parker, P. D., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., Lee, J., Antczak, D.,

Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2020). Self-determination theory applied in

physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational

Psychology, 112(7), 1444–1469. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000420

Waldeck, J. H. (2006). Raising the question #3: What does “personalized education” mean for

faculty and how should it serve our students. Communication Education, 55, 345-352.

https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520600748649

Willison, J. (2020). The models of engaged learning and teaching. [electronic resource]:

Connecting sophisticated thinking from early childhood to PhD. Springer

Singapore.

Zimmer, W. K., & Keiper, P. (2021). Redesigning curriculum at the higher education level:

challenges and successes within a sport management program. Educational Action

Research, 29(2), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2020.1727348

Downloads

Published

2023-12-15