An Exploratory Study of the Community Impacts of Service-Learning

Authors

  • Ka Hing Lau Lingnan University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-186X
  • Maureen Yin Lee Chan The Education University of Hong Kong
  • Cynthia Lok Sum Yeung Lingnan University
  • Robin Stanley Snell The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18060/25482

Keywords:

service-learning, community impacts, alignment, needs, knowledge transfer

Abstract

Research on community impacts from service-learning has been scarce, yet this area is worth exploring in order to understand how and why service-learning can make a difference. The current research sought to validate a conceptual framework (Lau & Snell, 2020), which categorizes the impacts of service-learning on community partner organizations (CPOs) and on end-beneficiaries. Under the framework, impacts on end-beneficiaries can arise directly from service-learning interventions, but can also arise indirectly as a result of impacts on CPOs. For the research, semi-structured, one-to-one or focus group interviews were conducted with 13 CPO representatives, seeking their perceptions of positive and negative impacts of service-learning. Most described impacts were positive, including, for CPOs: achieving project goals to further the CPO’s mission; augmenting resources of the CPO; and gaining knowledge, insights, ideas and techniques. These positive impacts for CPOs appear to reflect three factors: alignment between service-learning project goals and the CPO’s mission; mutual recognition of students’ potential for transferring knowledge from universities to CPOs; and mutual understanding of students’ status as semi-outsiders, free to challenge existing practices or systems. Further studies can explore impacts from the end-beneficiary's perspective, and adopt longitudinal and action research approaches.

Author Biographies

Ka Hing Lau, Lingnan University

Ka Hing Lau was a Senior Project Officer in the Office of Service-Learning of Lingnan University (currently a Project Associate in the Service-Learning and Leadership Office of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University). He has a MPhil in Psychology and has years of experience conducting both academic and business research. His current research interests include developing measurement instruments for assessing impacts arising from service-learning, faculty engagement in service-learning, e-service-learning, training and development, and work-from-home.

Maureen Yin Lee Chan, The Education University of Hong Kong

Maureen Yin Lee Chan is engaging in research work in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction of The Education University of Hong Kong and previously worked at Lingnan University in the capacity of senior project consultant. She has professional experience in training and human resource development.  Her research interests are student learning and development, service-learning and leadership. Her teaching interests include human resource management, organizational behavior and management. She received her PhD from Lancaster University and her work appears in journals such as Journal of Management Education, Leadership & Organization Development Journal and Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning.

Cynthia Lok Sum Yeung, Lingnan University

Cynthia Lok Sum Yeung is a graduating student at Lingnan University, majoring in translation, with research interests in intangible cultural heritage, construction training and service-learning. She has developed great interest in service-learning when she took service-learning courses in her first year of study. Since then, she has served as a research assistant and service-learning teaching assistant for the Office of Service-Learning at Lingnan University.

Robin Stanley Snell, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong

Robin Stanley Snell is currently a Visiting Professor in the Department of Management at The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong. Before retiring from Lingnan University, he had served there as Head of the Management Department, Director of Business Programmes, Director of Teaching and Learning, and Director of Service-Learning. His research and teaching interests include service-learning, managerial and organizational learning, leadership and strategic management, and business ethics.

References

Astin, A. W., Vogelgesang, L. J., Ikeda, E. K., & Yee, J. A. (2000). How service-learning affects students. Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/slcehighered/144.

Barrientos, P. (2010). Community service-learning and its impact on community agencies: An assessment study. CA: Institute for Civic and Community Engagement.

Billig, S.H. (2007). Unpacking what works in Service-Learning: Promising research-based practices to improve student outcomes. In J. Kielsmeier, M. Neal, and N. Schultz (Eds.), Growing to greatness 2007: The state of service-learning. Saint Paul, MN: National Youth Leadership Council.

Bringle, R. G., & Hatcher, J. A. (1996). Implementing service learning in higher education. Journal of Higher Education, 67(2), 221-239

Bringle, R. G., Philips, M. A., & Hudson, M. (2004). The measure of service-learning: research scales to access student experiences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Chun Tie, Y., Birks, M., & Francis, K. (2019). Grounded theory research: A design framework for novice researchers. SAGE Open Medicine, 7, 205031211882292. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118822927

Clarke, M. M. (2003). Finding the community in service-learning research: The 3-"I" model. In S. H. Billing & J. Eyler (Eds.), Deconstructing service-learning (pp. 3-21). Nashville: Information Age Publishing.

Cruz, N., & Giles, D. E., Jr. (2000). Where’s the community in service-learning research? Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 7(1), 28–34.

Driscoll, A., Holland, B., Gelmon, S., & Kerrigan, S. (1996). An assessment model for service-learning: comprehensive case studies of impact on faculty, students, community, and institution. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 3, 66-71.

Eyler, J. S., & Giles, D. E. (1999). Where's the learning in service learning? San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Eyler, J. S., Giles, D. E., Stenson, C. M., and Gray, C. J., (2001). At a glance: What we know about the effects of service-learning on college students, faculty, institutions and communities, 1993–2000. (3rd ed.) Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press.

Farahmandpour, H., & Shodjaee-Zrudlo, I. (2015) Redefining Service-Learning for the Purpose of Social Change within Education. In Bola Delano-Oriaran, Marguerite W. Penick-Parks, & Suzanne Fondrie (Eds.) The SAGE sourcebook of service-learning and civic engagement, Chapter 7. CA: SAGE.

Felten, P., & Clayton, P. H. (2011). Service-Learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 128, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.470

Gelmon. S. B. (2003). Assessment as a means of building service-learning partnerships. In B. Jacoby & Associates (Eds.). Building partnerships for service-learning (pp. 42-64). San Francisco: Wiley.

Giles, D. E., & Eyler, J. (1998). The theoretical roots of service-learning in John Dewey: Toward a theory of service-learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 1(1), 77–85. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3239521.0001.109

Holland, B. A. & Gelmon, S. B. (1998). The state of the “England Campus”: What have we learned about building and sustaining university-community partnerships. AAHE Bulletin, 51, 3-6.

Jacoby, B. (1996). Service-Learning in higher education: concepts and practices. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Jettner, J. F., Pelco, L. E., & Elliott, K. L. (2017). Service-Learning Community Partner Impact Assessment Report. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.

Kellogg, W. (1999). Toward more transformative service-learning: Experiences from an urban environmental problem-solving class. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 6(1), 63-73.

Kindred, J. (2020). Nonprofit partners’ perceptions of organizational and community impact based on a long-term academic service-learning partnership. Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship, 13(1), Article 8.

Lau, K. H., & Snell, R. S. (2020). Assessing community impact after service-learning: A conceptual framework. Presented at the 6th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd’20), Valencia, Spain, 2020.

Lau, K. H., & Snell, R. S. (2021). Community impact feedback questionnaire (CIFQ): The user manual. Hong Kong: Office of Service-Learning, Lingnan University. doi: https://doi.org/10.14793/9789887522218

Ma, C. (2018). Service-learning development in higher education in Hong Kong. In T. W. Lim & W. X. Li (Eds), Studying Hong Kong: 20 years of political, economic and social developments (pp. 43–61). New Jersey: World Scientific. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813223554_0004

Mattessich, P. W., & Monsey, B. R. (1992). Collaboration: What makes it work. A review of research literature on factor influencing successful collaboration. St. Paul, MN: Amherst H. Wilder Foundation.

Max-Neef, M. A. (1991). Human scale development: Conception, application and further reflections. New York, NY: Apex Press.

Ngai, S. S. (2006). Service-learning, personal development, and social commitment: A case study of university students in Hong Kong. Adolescence, 41, 165–176. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16689448

Ngai, S. S. (2009). The effects of program characteristics and psychological engagement on service-learning outcomes: A study of university students in Hong Kong. Adolescence, 44, 375–389. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19764273

Shek, D. & Chan, S. (2013) Service-learning from the views of university teachers: a qualitative study based on focus groups. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 25(4), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0036

Shumer, R., Stanton, T. K. and Giles D. E., Jr. (2017), History and precursors of service-learning theory, development and research. In Robert Shumer (Ed.) Where’s the wisdom in service-learning? NC: Information Age Publishing.

Snell, R. S., Chan, M. Y. L., Ma, C. H. K., & Chan, C. K. M. (2015a). Developing civic-mindedness in undergraduate business students through service-learning projects for civic engagement and service leadership practices for civic improvement. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 4(1), 73–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-015-0044-0

Snell, R. S., Chan, M. Y. L., Ma, C. H. K., & Chan, C. K. M. (2015b). A road map for empowering undergraduates to practice service leadership through service-learning in teams. Journal of Management Education, 39(3), 372–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562914545631

Snell, R. S. & Lau, K. H. (2020). The Development of a Service-learning Outcomes Measurement Scale (S-LOMS). Metropolitan Universities, 31(1), 44-77. https://doi.org/10.18060/23258

Toncar, M. F., Reid, J. S., Burns, D. J., Anderson, C. E., & Nguyen, H. P. (2006). Uniform assessment of the benefits of service learning: the development, evaluation, and implementation of the SELEB scale. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 14(3), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679140304

University of Minnesota Center for Community-Engaged Learning (2011). Direct, indirect, research, and advocacy engagement. Retrieved from http://ccel-app.umn.edu/cesp/programdetails/engagement_types.html

Wade, R. C. (1997). Community service-learning: A guide to including service in the public school curriculum. NY: State University of New York Press.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-09

Issue

Section

Research Articles