Food and Housing Insecurity Among Social Work Students
Consequences for Academic Achievement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18060/25521Keywords:
food insecurity, housing insecurity, grade point average, social work students, social work educationAbstract
We know little about social work students’ experience with financial hardship, especially food and housing insecurity, during their academic programs. This knowledge gap is problematic because food and housing insecurity negatively impact student success. In response, we surveyed 125 social work students of a public, Midwestern U.S. university in 2019 to investigate students’ experience with food and housing insecurity, as well as the factors associated with food and housing insecurity. We conducted descriptive and multivariate analyses, finding that 56% of students reported food or housing insecurity. Student financial characteristics, such as filing a FAFSA and taking out loans, were associated with food and housing insecurity. Students who identified as female and nonbinary were more likely to experience housing insecurity. Finally, we found that food and housing insecurity were each associated with lower reported grade point averages. Suggestions for intervention include schools of social work offering paid practica and emergency funds as well as advocating for improved student loan forgiveness programs at the national level.
References
Benner, K., & Curl, A. L. (2018). Exhausted, stressed, and disengaged: Does employment create burnout for social work students? Journal of Social Work Education, 54, 300-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2017.1341858
Blumberg, S. J., Bialostosky, K., Hamilton, W. L., & Briefel, R. R. (1999). The effectiveness of a short form of the Household Food Security Scale. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1231-1234. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.8.1231
Broton, K. M. (2020). A review of estimates of housing insecurity and homelessness among students in U.S. higher education. Journal of Social Distress & Homelessness, 29, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2020.1677009
Broton, K. M., Weaver, K. E., & Mai, M. (2018). Hunger in higher education: Experiences and correlates of food insecurity among Wisconsin undergraduates from low-income families. Social Sciences, 7, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7100179
Cameron, M. L., & Lacy, T. A. (2020, June 4). Many states require FAFSA filing before high school graduation, but timing can be everything. Brown Center Chalkboard, Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/06/04/many-states-require-fafsa-filing-before-high-school-graduation-but-timing-can-be-everything/
Coleman-Jensen, A., Rabbit, M. P., Gregory, C. A., & Singh, A. (2021, September). Household Food Security in the United States in 2020. Economic Research Report No. ERR-298, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=102075
Council on Social Work Education [CSWE]. (2019). From social work education to social work practice: Results of the survey of 2018 social work graduates. https://www.cswe.org/Research-Statistics
CSWE. (2021). 2020 Statistics on social work education in the United States: Summary of the CSWE Annual Survey of Social Work Programs. https://www.cswe.org/getattachment/726b15ce-6e63-4dcd-abd1-35d2ea9d9d40/2020-Annual-Statistics-On-Social-Work-Education-in-the-United-States.pdf?lang=en-US
Crutchfield, R. M., & Maguire, J. (2018). California State University Office of the Chancellor study of student basic needs. https://www.calstate.edu/impact-of-the-csu/student-success/basic-needs-initiative/Documents/BasicNeedsStudy_phaseII_withAccessibilityComments.pdf
Crutchfield, R. M., Maguire, J., Campbell, C. D., Lohay, D., Valverde Loscko, S., & Simon, R. (2020). “I’m supposed to be helping others”: Exploring food insecurity and homelessness for social work students. Journal of Social Work Education, 56, S150-S162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2020.1741478
El Zein, A., Shelnutt, K., Colby, S., Olfert, M., Kattelmann, K., Brown, O., Kidd, T., Horacek, T., White, A., Zhou, W., Vilaro, M., Greene, G., Morrell, J., Riggsbee, K., & Mathews, A. (2017). Socio-demographic correlates and predictors of food insecurity among first year college students. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 117(10), A146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.102
Federal Student Aid. (2023). Public Service Loan Forgiveness Data, March 2023. https://studentaid.gov/data-center/student/loan-forgiveness/pslf-data
Gair, S., & Baglow, L. (2018). Australian social work students balancing study, work, and field placement: Seeing it like it is. Australian Social Work, 71, 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2017.1377741
Glantsman, O., McGarity‐Palmer, R., Swanson, H. L., Carroll, J. T., Zinter, K. E., Lancaster, K. M., & Berardi, L. (2022). Risk of food and housing insecurity among college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22853
Goldrick-Rab, S. (2016). Paying the price: College costs, financial aid, and the betrayal of the American dream. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226404486.001.0001
Goldrick-Rab, S., Richardson, J., Schneider, J., Hernandez, A., & Cady, C. (2018). Still hungry and homeless in college. Wisconsin Hope Lab. https://www.studentarc.org/tools-and-resources/report/wisconsin-hope-lab-still-hungry-and-homeless
Henry, L. (2017). Understanding food insecurity among college students: Experience, motivation, and local solutions. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 41, 6-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12108
Johnstone, E., Brough, M., Crane, P. R., Marston, G., & Correa-Velez, I. (2016). Field placement and the impact of financial stress on social work and human services students. Australian Social Work, 69, 481-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12108
Kastner, D. (2019). NASW staff attends hearing on Capitol Hill examining failed implementation of PSLF program. http://www.socialworkblog.org/advocacy/2019/10/nasw-staff-attends-hearing-on-capitol-hill-examining-failed-implementation-of-pslf-program/
Kuh, G. D., Kinzie, J., Buckley, J. A., Bridges, B. K., & Hayek, J. C. (2007). Piecing together the student success puzzle: Research, propositions, and recommendations. ASHE Higher Education Report, 32(5), 1-182. https://doi.org/10.1002/aehe.3205
Kuncel, N. R., Crede, M., & Thomas, L. L. (2005). The validity of self-reported grade point averages, class ranks, and test scores: A meta-analysis and review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 75, 63-82. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543075001063
Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., & Neter, J. (2004). Applied linear regression models. Fourth edition. McGraw-Hill.
McBeath, B., & Austin, M. J. (2021). Redesigning schools of social work into schools of social work and social justice: Opportunities for civic and organizational renewal in a justice reform environment. Journal of Social Work Education, 57, 224-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2021.1912677
Miles, R., McBeath, B., Brockett, S & Sorenson, P. (2017). Prevalence and predictors of social work student food insecurity. Journal of Social Work Education, 53, 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2017.1299062
Morris, L. M., Smith, S., Davis, J., & Null, D. B. (2016). The prevalence of food security and insecurity among Illinois university students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(6), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.07.017
Nazmi, A., Martinez, S., Byrd, A., Robinson, D., Bianco, S., Maguire, J., Crutchfield, R. M., Condron, K., & Ritchie, L. (2019). A systematic review of food insecurity among US students in higher education. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 14(5), 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2018.1484316
Nikolaus, C. J., An, R., Ellison, B., & Nickols-Richardson, S. M. (2020). Food insecurity among college students in the United States: A scoping review. Advances in Nutrition, 11(2), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz111
Patton-López, M. M., López Cevallos, D. F., Cancel-Tirado, D. I., & Vazquez, L. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among students attending a midsize rural university in Oregon. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46(3), 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2013.10.007
Patzer, B., Lazzara, E. H., Keebler, J. R., Madi, M. H., Dwyer, P., Huckstadt, A. A., & Smith-Campbell, B. (2017). Predictors of nursing graduate school success. Nursing Education Perspectives, 38(5), 272-274. https://journals.lww.com/neponline/toc/2017/09000
Payment for Placements [P4P]. (n.d.). UM Payment for Placements: An Overview. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1u8xt3AGBJF2DsfkWW5DoqP4bpplMAH3xVFyTPmJWMKg/edit
Payne-Sturges, D. C., Tjaden, A., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., & Arria, A. M. (2018). Student hunger on campus: Food insecurity among college students and implications for academic institutions. American Journal of Health Promotion, 32, 349-354.
Price, D., & Umaña, P. (2021, May). One stop center models: A guide to centralizing students’ basic needs supports. The Hope Center for College, Community, and Justice.
Ryan, M., Barns, A., & McAuliffe, D. (2011). Part-time employment and effects on Australian social work students: A report on a national study. Australian Social Work, 64, 313-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2010.538420
Silva, M. R., Kleinert, W. L., Sheppard, A. V., Cantrell, K. A., Freeman-Coppadge, D. J., Tsoy, E., Roberts, T., & Pearrow, M. (2017). The relationship between food security, housing stability, and school performance among college students in an urban university. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19, 284-299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115621918
Simmons, L. D., Taylor, L. C., Anderson, K., & Neely-Barnes, S. L. (2018). Comparative experiences of first-and continuing-generation social work students. Journal of Social Work Education, 54, 480-491. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2018.1434436
Stewart, S., Lim, D. H., & Kim, J. (2015). Factors influencing college persistence for first-time students. Journal of Developmental Education, 38(3), 12-16, 18-20. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1092649
Tsui, E., Freudenberg, N., Manzo, L., Jones, H., Kwan A., & Gagnon, M. (2011). Housing instability at CUNY: Results from a survey of CUNY undergraduate students. Healthy CUNY Initiative, City University of New York. https://www.gc.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/2021-05/cunyhousinginstability.pdf
U. S. Government Accountability Office [US GAO]. (2018, December). Food insecurity: Better information could help eligible college students access federal food assistance benefits. https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-19-95
USDA Economic Research Service. (2012). U.S. household food security survey module: Six-item short form. https://www.ers.usda.gov/media/8282/short2012.pdf
USDA Food and Nutrition Service. (2021, March). Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): Students. https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/students
Van Woerden, I., Hruschka, D., & Bruening, M. (2019). Food insecurity negatively impacts academic performance. Journal of Public Affairs, 19, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1864
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Megan Gilster, Allison A. Hein, Gabrielle M. Perruzzi, Aislinn Conrad, Catherine A. Croft
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.