Use of “Comment Bubbles” in a Writing-intensive, Social and Economic Justice Course
A Novel Approach to Engage Students in Thinking About Their Writing Choices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18060/22428Keywords:
argumentative writing, social work, social and economic justice, writing- intensive, undergraduate studentsAbstract
A central question among instructors teaching writing-intensive courses is how to best respond to student writing. This study posits that the margin of the essay should not be reserved for instructor feedback only, and that allowing students to comment on their writing choices in this space has pedagogical aims. This study examined the use of “comment bubbles” to engage students in thinking about their writing choices in argumentative writing in an undergraduate social and economic justice course. Comment bubbles are comments and questions students inserted in the margin of their essays using the comment function in Microsoft Word. The margin of student essays was framed as a safe writing environment to encourage student self-expression beyond that already expressed in the essay. A thematic analysis of student comment bubbles found that students used the comment bubbles to react to research they read in journal articles, elaborate on their writing choices, share their personal experiences, and reflect on their future career interests. Allowing students to comment on their writing choices in this space facilitates student self-expression, self-reflection, and critical thinking.
References
Aull, L. (2015). First-year university writing: A corpus-based study with implications for pedagogy. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137350466
Sanchez, N., Norka, A., Corbin, M., & Peters, C. (2019). Use of experiential learning, reflective writing, and metacognition to develop cultural humility among undergraduate students. Journal of Social Work Education, 55(1), 75-88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2018.1498418
Bean, J. C. (2011). Engaging ideas: The professor's guide to integrating writing, critical thinking, and active learning in the classroom. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Berger, R. (2015). Now I see it, now I don’t: Researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219-234.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Castelló, M., & Iñesta, A. (2012). Texts as artifacts-in activity: Developing authorial identity and academic voice in writing academic research papers. In M. Castelló & C. Donahue (Eds.), University writing: Selves and texts in academic societies (pp. 179-200). Warrington, United Kingdom: Emerald Group.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 124-130.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical orientation to sociological methods (2nd ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill.
Freeman, E., & Lynd-Balta, E. (2010). Developing information literacy skills early in an undergraduate curriculum. College Teaching, 58(3), 109-115.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/87567550903521272
Horton, E. G., & Diaz, N. (2011). Learning to write and writing to learn social work concepts: Application of writing across the curriculum strategies and techniques to a course for undergraduate social work students. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 31(1), 53-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2010.539141
Hyland, F., & Hyland, K. (2001). Sugaring the pill: Praise and criticism in written feedback. Journal of Second Language Writing, 10(3), 185-212.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(01)00038-8
Jani, J. S., & Mellinger, M. S. (2015). Beyond “writing to learn”: Factors influencing students’ writing outcomes. Journal of Social Work Education, 51(1), 136-152.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2015.977177
Institute for Writing and Rhetoric. (2016). Diagnosing and responding to student writing. Institute for Writing and Rhetoric. Retrieved October 11, 2018, from https://writing-speech.dartmouth.edu/teaching/first-year-writing-pedagogies-methods-design/diagnosing-and-responding-student-writing
Kolb, P. (2013). Implementation of Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) learning approaches in social work and sociology gerontology courses. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 34(2), 212-223.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2012.718011
LaVaque, M., & Evans, E. M. (2013). Implementing metacognitive interventions in disciplinary writing classes. In M. Kaplan, N. Silver, D. Lavaque-Manty, & D. Meizlish (Eds.), Using reflection and metacognition to improve student learning: Across the disciplines, across the academy (pp. 122-142). Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
Lei, S. A., Bartlett, K. A., Gorney, S. E., & Herschbach, T. R. (2010). Resistance to reading compliance among college students: Instructors’ perspectives. College Student Journal, 44(2), 219-230.
Lengelle, R., Meijers, F., Poell, R., & Post, M. (2013). The effects of creative, expressive, and reflective writing on career learning: An explorative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 419-427. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.014
Lengelle, R., Meijers, F., Poell, R., & Post, M. (2014). Career writing: Creative, expressive and reflective approaches to narrative identity formation in students in higher education. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 75-84.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.05.001
Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K. (2008). Feedback on assessment: students’ perceptions of quality and effectiveness. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(3), 263-275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701292548
Mahfoodh, O. H. A. (2017). “I feel disappointed”: EFL university students’ emotional responses towards teacher written feedback. Assessing Writing, 31, 53-72.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2016.07.001
Melzer, D. (2009). Writing assignments across the curriculum: A national study of college writing. College Composition and Communication, 61(2), W240-W261.
McDonald, D., Boddy, J., O'Callaghan, K., & Chester, P. (2015). Ethical professional writing in social work and human services. Ethics and Social Welfare, 9(4), 359-374. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2015.1009481
National Research Council. (1999). How people learn: Bridging research and practice. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Nelson, P., & Weatherald, C. (2014). Cracking the code - an approach to developing professional writing skills. Social Work Education, 33(1), 105-120.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2012.740453
Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sanchez, N., Corbin, M., Norka, A., & Peters, C. (2019). Use of experiential learning, reflective writing, and metacognition to develop cultural humility among undergraduate students. Journal of Social Work Education, 55(5), 1-14.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2018.1498418
Silver, N. (2013). Reflective pedagogies and the metacognitive turn in college teaching. In M. Kaplan, N. Silver, D. Lavaque-Manty, & D. Meizlish (Eds.), Using reflection and metacognition to improve student learning: Across the disciplines, across the academy (pp. 1-17). Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
Waller, M. A., Carroll, M. M., & Roemer, M. (1996). Teaching writing in social work education. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 13(1-2), 43-56.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1300/J067v13n01_05
Weaver, M. R. (2006). Do students value feedback? Student perceptions of tutors’ written responses. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(3), 379-394.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930500353061
Weisman, D., & Zornado, J. (2018). Professional writing for social work practice (2nd ed.). NY: Springer.
Wiener, D. R. (2012). Enhancing critical reflection and writing skills in the HBSE classroom and beyond. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 32(5), 550-565.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2012.722183
Wong, A. T. (2005). Writers’ mental representations of the intended audience and of the rhetorical purpose for writing and the strategies that they employed when they composed. System, 33(1), 29-47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.06.009
Zacharias, N. T. (2007). Teacher and student attitudes toward teacher feedback. Regional Language Centre Journal, 38(1), 38-52.